Some diseases of the respiratory system, such as allergies, may continue to bother you as you grow older. Antihistamines are effective for burning eyes, itching nose, or mucous drip that often occurs with allergies. Although these drugs may improve the symptoms, they may also cause excessive drowsiness and mental confusion and should not be taken if you are about to drive, and never when you drink alcohol. Preparations such as terfenadine and astemizole cause less drowsiness.
Bronchodilators relieve the wheezing and the shortness of breath that accompany acute and chronic bronchitis or asthma. An infection of the bronchi or lungs aggravates these symptoms. Bronchodilators widen the bronchi and allow more air to reach the lungs. However, they sometimes lead to an excessively fast heartbeat, mental confusion, nausea, and vomiting. Usually an adjustment of dosage will alleviate these side effects.
An important class of drugs in this family is theophylline, which can be taken as pills, syrup, injection, or suppository. It is often prescribed in combination with the beta-stimulators, a group of medications that mimic the effects of adrenaline. Among them are isoproterenol, salbutamol, orciprenaline, and terbutaline. They can be taken as pills or inhaled four or five times a day. The preparations preferred for use in older people have less stimulatory effect on the heart than adrenaline itself.
For severe respiratory problems, cortisone may be required. Many serious side effects are caused by cortisone when taken orally or by injection, and its prolonged use should be avoided. A type of cortisone has been developed that can be inhaled, which reduces the usual side effects. A number of these preparations, such as beclomethasone dipro-pionate, can be taken through an inhaler four or five times daily, often in conjunction with other bronchodilators. New and effective preparations for the control of asthma become available each year.
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